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The Second Conditional

The second conditional uses the past simple after if, then 'would' and the infinitive:

• if + past simple, ...would + infinitive

(We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. This is mostly done in formal writing).

It has two uses.

First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true. Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example.

• If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the lottery)
• If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.
• She would travel all over the world if she were rich.
• She would pass the exam if she ever studied.(She never studies, so this won't happen)

Second, we can use it to talk about something in the present which is impossible, because it's not true. Is that clear? Have a look at the examples:

• If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him).
• If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man.

IRREGULAR VERBS

Group 1 – All three forms of the verb are the same

Base Form	Simple Past	Past Participle
bet	bet	bet
cost	cost	cost
cut	cut	cut
hit	hit	hit
hurt	hurt	hurt
let	let	let
put	put	put
shut	shut	shut

Group 2 – The 2nd and 3rd forms of the verb are the same

Base Form	Simple Past	Past Participle
lose	lost	lost
shoot	shot	shot
get	got	got
light	lit	lit
sit	sat	sat
keep	kept	kept
sleep	slept	slept
feel	felt	felt
leave	left	left
meet	met	met
bring	brought	brought
buy	bought	bought
fight	fought	fought
think	thought	thought
catch	caught	caught
teach	taught	taught
sell	sold	sold
tell	told	told
pay	paid	paid
make	made	made
stand	stood	stood
understand	understood	understood
lend	lent	lent
send	sent	sent
spend	spent	spent
build	built	built
find	found	found
have	had	had
hear	heard	heard
hold	held	held
read	read (pronounced red)	read (pronounced red)
say	said	said

Group 3 – All three forms of the verb are different

Base Form	Simple Past	Past Participle
drive	drove	driven
ride	rode	ridden
rise	rose	risen
write	wrote	written
bite	bit	bitten
hide	hid	hidden
break	broke	broken
choose	chose	chosen
speak	spoke	spoken
wake	woke	woken
blow	blew	blown
grow	grew	grown
know	knew	known
fly	flew	flown
draw	drew	drawn
show	showed	shown
wear	wore	worn
tear	tore	torn
begin	began	begun
drink	drank	drunk
swim	swam	swum
ring	rang	rung
sing	sang	sung
eat	ate	eaten
fall	fell	fallen
forget	forgot	forgotten
give	gave	given
see	saw	seen
take	took	taken

REGULAR VERBS

A past event could be one thing that happened in the past, or a repeated thing.

I stopped at a zebra crossing.
We carried on with the test.
We played tennis every day in August.

A state is a situation without an action happening.

We stayed at my grandparents' house last summer.

How do you form the past simple?

Regular past simple forms are formed by adding -ed to the infinitive of the verb.

start → started
kill → killed
jump → jumped